Ukr.Biochem.J. 2014; Том 86, №3, травень-червень, c. 5-22

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj86.03.005

АТР-чутливі K(+)-канали м’язових клітин: властивості та фізіологічна роль

23.06.2015   Без категорії   No comments

О. Б. Вадзюк

Інститут біохімії ім. О. В. Палладіна НАН України, Київ;
e-mail: vadzyuk@biochem.kiev.ua

АТР-чутливі K+-канали (KАТР-канали) належать до типуK+-каналів вхідного випрямлення (K+ inward rectifier або Kir). Вони поєднують електричну активність м’язової клітини з її метаболічним станом. Каналоутворювальні субодиниці KАТР-каналів (Kir 6.х) містять високоселективний фільтр та мають високу провідність для K+, тоді як регуляторні SUR субодиниці (sulfonyl urea receptor) містять сайти зв’язування активаторів і блокаторів, та несуть метаболічний сенсор, який відповідає за активацію каналу в умовах метаболічного стресу. Провідність KАТР-каналів міоцитів більшості типів блокується АТР. Однак робота цих каналів залежить не від абсолютних значень концентрації АТР, а від співвідношень АТР/ADP і присутності Mg2+. Також регуляція активності KАТР-каналів у клітині здійснюється фізіологічними речовинами, такими як фосфатидилінозитол-дифосфат,  ефіри жирних кислот. Активацію цих структур за умов ішемії пов’язують з їх цитопротекторною дією, яка попереджає перевантаження цитозолю Са2+. На відміну від KАТР-каналів плазматичної мембрани, субодиниці яких клоновані і структура відома, дані стосовно АТР-чутливого переносника К+ в мітохондріальній мембрані (мітоKАТР) суперечливі. Зокрема, досі вірогідно не ідентифіковано його каналоутворювальну субодиницю, роль якої можуть виконувати Kir 6.х, Kir 1.1 (каналоутворювальна субодиниця каналу ROMK) або інші структури. В огляді обговорюються методи реєстрації АТР-чутливого транспортування K+ в мітохондріях. Розглянуто взаємодію мітоKАТР з фізіологічними та фармакологічними лігандами.

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Посилання:

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