Ukr.Biochem.J. 2021; Том 93, № 1, січень-лютий, c. 113-128

doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj93.01.113

Перспективи редагування геному за допомогою CRISPR/CAS, або як опанувати «генетичні ножиці». Нобелівська премія з хімії 2020 року

25.02.2021   Uncategorized   No comments

С. В. Комісаренко, С. І. Романюк

Інститут біохімії ім. О. В. Палладіна НАН України, Київ;
e-mail: svk@biochem.kiev.ua

Нобелівську премію з хімії у 2020 р. присуджено двом дослідницям у галузі молекулярної біології – француженці Еммануель Шарпантьє (Emmanuelle Charpentier), яка нині очолює Відділення наук про патогени при Товаристві Макса Планка в Берліні, та американці Дженніфер Дудні (Jennifer Doudna) з Каліфорнійського університету в Берклі – за «розвиток методу редагування геному». У пресрелізі Нобелівського комітету зазначено, що лауреатки відкрили один з найпотужніших інструментів генної технології – CRISPR/Cas9 – або так звані «генетичні ножиці». Цей метод сприяв отриманню у фундаментальних дослідженнях багатьох важливих результатів. Зокрема, дослідники рослин змогли створити культури, стійкі до цвілі, шкідників та посухи. У медицині тривають клінічні випробування нових методів лікування раку, а мрія про те, щоб вилікувати спадкові захворювання, ось-ось стане реальністю. «Генетичні ножиці» вивели нау­ки про життя на новий етап розвитку і дають людству величезну користь.

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